Federalism in 3D: The Reimagination of Political Community in the European Union
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Resumo
No presente artigo, explanam-se as virtudes da perspetiva federal em relação a significativos e recentes desenvolvimentos na política territorial 3D da UE (ou seja, subestado, estado, supranacional). Defendo que, devido à sua herança estatista, a invocação do federalismo, considerada quer como uma técnica de governo ou como uma expressão direta de uma relação afetiva entre as pessoas e política supranacional, é limitada ou mesmo um valor negativo na UE. No entanto, o federalismo, uma vez exploradas as suas raízes históricas mais profundas e entendido como base de reflexão imaginativa sobre a natureza e trajetória de uma configuração política sem precedentes, afigura-se bastante melhor. Neste ponto, a imaginação federal continua a desafiar a perspetiva soberana com a sua ênfase na autoridade última dos níveis estaduais ou supranacionais, mas fá-lo com efeitos complexos, imprevisíveis e não definitivos, devido à forte atração que a perspetiva soberana ainda exerce. Relativamente a esta questão, focar-me-ei num tópico particular e numa parte desafiadora do puzzle federal europeu. Concentrar-me-ei na terceira dimensão subestadual da estrutura federal 3D da UE, tal como se tem vivenciado nos recentes desenvolvimentos na Escócia e na Catalunha, e sobre a forma como o desenvolvimento de exemplo federal imaginativo da UE deverá e poderá alterar o espírito em que as novas reivindicações de soberania realizadas e recebidas.
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