Ethical, legal and social challenges of Predictive Policing
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Resumo
Embora o policiamento preditivo (PP) seja uma modo inovador de usar dados e métodos estatísticos para prever a probabilidade de criminalidade e melhorar a eficácia do uso de recursos, baseia-se em muitas suposições subjacentes. As principais questões éticas relacionadas com o PP relacionam-se com temas como a seleção de dados e viés da máquina (machine bias), visualização e interpretação de previsões, transparência e responsabilidade, tempo e eficácia, assim como o problema da estigmatização de indivíduos, ambientes e áreas da comunidade. Estes problemas têm repercussões no domínio jurídico e, particularmente, no direito à privacidade. O atual quadro legislativo trata apenas parcialmente dessas questões, concentrando-se principalmente nos direitos individuais e não nos dos grupos e em como eles podem ser afetados. As principais preocupações sociais relacionadas com o uso do policiamento preditivo têm que ver com o estabelecimento da confiança. Neste nosso contributo, desenvolvido em cooperação com várias agências policiais e membros da sociedade civil, alegamos que não está ainda demonstrada a eficácia do policiamento preditivo na redução das taxas de criminalidade.
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