Hush, Little Baby-Ghost: The Postcolonial Gothic and Haunting History in Toni Morrison’s Beloved

Main Article Content

Ruth Van Den Akker

Abstract

The gothic and the postcolonial share common concerns of subversion and transgression; both aim to represent alternative experiences, worldviews, and different histories in literature. This essay discusses the interplay of the gothic and the postcolonial in Toni Morrison’s Beloved to address crises. It asserts that intertwining both genres enables the unspeakable to be spoken, and allows a silenced history of slavery to be heard. I argue that the past, in a crisis like situation, enforces itself into the present and that the past can be seen to haunt the present, thereby indicating Beloved’s symbolic representation of a silenced history and repressed traumatic memories. The essay claims that the story has to be told and the memories allowed to be relived in order to come to terms with the trauma of slavery and focuses on the importance of legitimization and narration.

Keywords: Trauma, Memories, Silenced histories, Slavery, Postcolonial-gothic, American literature

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Achebe C (2006) Things Fall Apart. London: Penguin Group.

Ashcroft B, Griffiths G and Tiffin H (2007) Post-Colonial Studies: The key Concepts, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge.

Bal M (1999) Introduction. In: Bal M, Crewe J and Spitzer L (eds) Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present. Hanover: University Press of New England, viixvii.

Brogan K (1995) American Stories of Cultural Haunting: Tales of Heirs and Ethnographers. College English 57(2): 149-165. https://doi.org/10.2307/378807

Brogan K (1998) Cultural Haunting: Ghosts and Ethnicity in Recent American Literature. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.

Bryant CG (2005) “The Soul has Bandaged Moments”: Reading the African American Gothic in Wright's “Big Boy Leaves Home,” Morrison's “Beloved,” and Gomez's “Gilda”. African American Review 39(4): 541-553.

Caruth C (1996) Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Baltimore and London: John Hopkins University Press.

Cummings K (1990) Reclaiming the Mother(‘s) Tongue: Beloved, Ceremony, Mothers and Shadows. College English 52(5): 552-569. https://doi.org/10.2307/377543

Hirsch, M (2002) Marked by Memory: Feminist Reflections on Trauma and Transmission. In: Miller NK and Tougaw J (eds) Extremities: Trauma, Testimony, and Community. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 71-91.

Khair T (2009) The Gothic, Postcolonialism and Otherness. Ghosts from Elsewhere. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230251045

Kreyling M (2007) “Slave life; freed life-everyday was a test and trial”: Identity and Memory in Beloved. Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 63(1): 109-136. https://doi.org/10.1353/arq.2007.0003

Krumholz L (1992) The Ghosts of Slavery: Historical Recovery in Toni Morrison's Beloved. African American Review 26(3): 395-408. https://doi.org/10.2307/3041912

Lacan J (2002) Écrits: A Selection. Translated by Bruce Fink. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Marks K (2002) Sethe’s Apotropaic Imagination. In: Toni Morrison's Beloved and the Apotropaic Imagination. Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 26-66.

Morrison T (2007) Beloved. London: Vintage.

Patton VK (2008) Black Subjects Re-forming the Past Through the Neo-Slave Narrative Tradition. MFS 54(4): 877-883. https://doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.1556

Punter D (2000) Postcolonial Imaginings: Fictions of a New World Order. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Punter D (2003) Arundhati Roy and the House of History. In: Smith A and Hughes W (eds) Empire and the Gothic: the Politics of Genre. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 192-207. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403919342_12

Rody C (1995) Toni Morrison's Beloved: History, “Rememory,” and a “Clamor for a Kiss”. American Literary History 7(1): 92-119. https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/7.1.92

Ross MB (2000) Pleasuring Identity, or the Delicious Politics of Belonging. New Literary History 31(4): 827-850 https://doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2000.0050

Rushdy, AHA (1992) Daughters Signifyin(g) History: The Example of Toni Morrison's Beloved. American Literature 64(3): 567-597. https://doi.org/10.2307/2927752

Smith A and Hughes W (2003) Introduction. In: Smith A and Hughes W (eds) Empire and the Gothic: the Politics of Genre. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-12.

Spaulding AT (2005) Ghosts, Haunted Houses, and the Legacy of Slavery: Toni Morrison’s Beloved and the Gothic Impulse. In: Re-Forming the Past: History, the Fantastic, and the Postmodern Slave Narrative. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 61-76.

Speziale-Bagliacca R (2004) Guilt: Revenge, Remorse, and Responsibility after Freud. Hove and New York: Brunner-Routledge.

Wisker G (2005) Horror Fiction. An Introduction. New York and London: The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc.

Wisker G (2007) Crossing Liminal Spaces: Teaching the Postcolonial Gothic. Pedagogy 7(3): 401-425. https://doi.org/10.1215/15314200-2007-007