The behaviour of schlagmetal applied on different types of gilding sizes
Main Article Content
Abstract
The schlagmetal (Dutch Gold), obtained from an alloy of copper and zinc is a cheap alternative for gold leaf, but its colour changes due to oxidations which appear as a result of incorrect manipulations or of exposure to environmental factors (temperature, humidity). This paper presents the influence of shellac based protection film and of two mixtion binders (water and oil based size) on the schlagmetal applied on a gessoed wooden support. To evaluate the behaviour of the metal sheet in the structures presented in this study, the samples were exposed to artificial ageing, and the occurred changes were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), SEM-EDX and colorimetry in CIE L*a*b* system.
Downloads
References
ANDREOTTI, Alessia; BONADUCE, Ilaria; CASTELVETRO, Valter; COLOMBINI, Maria Perla; LLUVERAS-TENORIO, Ana; RAIHANE, Mustapha; IBNOUSSINA, Mounsif; BOUJAMID, Azzouz. Characterization of the organic materials used in the painting of the vaulted ceiling at the Saadian Tomb of Mulay Ahmed Al-Mansour (Marrakech). In Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol15(3) (2014), pp. 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2013.05.002
ATODIRESEI, Gheorghe Virgil; SANDU, Ioan Gabriel; TULBURE, Elena Ancuța; VASILACHE, Viorica; BUTNARU, Romen. Chromatic Characterization in Cielab System for Natural Dyed Materials, Prior Activation in Atmospheric Plasma Type DBD. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest, Vol 64(2) (2013), pp. 165-169.
BIGELOW, Deborah; HUTCHINS, Catherine E. Gilded wood: Conservation and History. Sound View Press, Madison, Connecticut, 1991.
BUDU, Ana-Maria; SANDU, Ion; VASILACHE, Viorica; SIMIONESCU, Atena-Elena; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca. Effect of skin lipids on painting layers of the icons. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 66(8)(2015), pp. 1212-1216.
CRISTACHE, Raluca Anamaria; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; BUDU, Ana-Maria; VASILACHE, Viorica; SANDU, Ion. Multi-analytical Study of an Ancient Icon on Wooden Panel. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 66(3) (2015), pp. 348-352.
DAHER, Celine; DRIEU, Lea; BELLOT-GURLET, Ludovic; PERCOT, Aline; PARIS, Celine; LE HO, Anne-Solenn. Combined approach of FT-Raman, SERS and IR micro-ATR spectroscopies to enlighten ancient technologies of painted and varnished works of art. In Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. Vol 45(11-12) (2014), pp.1207-1214. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4565
DE LA TORRE-LOPEZ, Maria Jose; DOMINGUEZ-VIDAL, Ana; CAMPOS-SUNOL, Maria Jose; RUBIO-DOMENE, Ramon; SCHADE, Ulrich; AYORA-CANADA, Maria Jose. Gold in the Alhambra: study of materials, technologies, and decay processes on decorative gilded plasterwork. In Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 45(11-12) (2014), pp. 1052-1058. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4454
DERRY, Juliane. Investigating Shellac: Documenting the Process, Defining the Product, Master Thesis, The Institute of Archaeology, Conservation and History, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo, 2012.
GUERRA, Maria Filomena. An overview on the ancient goldsmith’s skill and the circulation of gold in the past: the role of x-ray based techniques. In X-Ray Spectrometry. Vol 37(4) (2008), pp. 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1013
HUTANU, Ioana; SANDU, Ion; VASILACHE, Viorica; NICA, Liliana; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca. Study on the Consolidation of Degraded Pictural Layer with Acrylic Binder. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 66 (6) (2015), pp. 895-900.
JENKINS, Moses. Gilding Techniques, Care and Maintenance. In INFORM Information for Historic Building Owners, Technical Conservation, Research and Education Group, Edinburgh, 2007 [Consulta: 03.05. 2015]. http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/informguide-gilding.pdf.
LE GAC, Agnes; PESSANHA, Sofia; LONGELIN, Stephane; GUERRA, Mauro; FRADE, Jose Carlos; LOURENCO, Filipe; SERRANO, Maria Conception; MANSO, Marta; CARVALHO, Maria Luisa. New development on materials and techniques used in the heraldic designs of illuminated Manueline foral charters by multi-analytical methods. In Applied Radiation and Isotopes. Vol 82 (2013), pp. 242-257.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.07.027
MARUTOIU Constantin; BRATU, Ioan; BUDU, Ana Maria; SANTA, Gheorghe; MARUTOIU, Olivia Florena; NEAMTU, Calin; TANASELIA, Claudiu; KACSO, IRINA; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca. Evaluation of Conservation State by Analysis of Imperial Gates’ Constituent Materials Belonging to Aşchileu Mic Wooden Church, Cluj County. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 66(7) (2015), pp. 992-996.
ODDY, Andrew. Gilding through the ages. In Gold Bulletin. Vol 14(2)(1981), pp. 75-79.
RYDLOVA, Eva; KOPECKA, Ivana. Zwischengoldglas: Technology of production, material analyses and conservation. In Studies in Conservation. Vol 57(SI 1) (2012), pp. 250-257. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047058412y.0000000014
SANDU, Ion; LUCA, Constantin; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; CIOCAN, Adelina; SULITEANU, Nicolae. A study on the compatibility of the old, traditional artistical techniques with the new materials and methods used in the restauration, preservation processes. II - A chromatic analysis. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 52(9) (2001), pp. 485-490.
SANDU, Ion; LUCA, Constantin; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; VASILACHE, Viorica. Old Paintings Authentication through the Identification of Polychrome Layers Materials I. Gas-Chromatography Analyse. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 58(10) (2007), pp. 879-886.
SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; AFONSO, Luis Urbano; MURTA, Elsa; DE SA, Maria Helena. Gilding techniques in religious art between East and West, 14th-18th centuries. In International Journal of Conservation Science. Vol 1(1) (2010), pp. 47-62.
SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; BRACCI, Susana; LOBEFARO, Mariela; SANDU, Ion. Integrated Methodology for the Evaluation of Cleaning Effectiveness in Two Russian Icons (16th-17th Centuries). In Microscopy Research and Technique. Vol 73(8) (2010), pp. 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20817
SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; BUSANI, Tito; DE SÁ, Maria Helena. The surface behavior of gilding layer imitations on polychrome artefacts of cultural heritage. In Surface and Interface Analysis. Vol 43(8) (2011), p.1171-1181. https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.3796
SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; DE SA, Maria Helena; PEREIRA, MC. Ancient ‚gilded’ art objects from European cultural heritage: a review on different scales of characterization. In Surface and Interface Analysis. Vol 43(SI) (2011), pp. 1134-1151. https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.3740
SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; LUCA, Constantin; SANDU, Ion. A study on the paintings clothsupports ageing degradation. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 50(12) (1999), pp. 902-908.
SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; LUCA, Constantin; SANDU, Ion. Study on the compatibility between the old artistic techniques and the new materials and methods for the conservation – Restauration processes inventations. I. Theoretical aspects. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 51(7) (2000), pp. 532-542.
SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; MURTA, Elsa; VEIGA, R MURALHA, V.S.F., PEREIRA, M., KUCKOVA, S., BUSANI, T. An innovative, interdisciplinary, and multi-technique study of gilding and painting techniques in the decoration of the main altarpiece of Miranda do Douro Cathedral (XVII-XVIIIth centuries, Portugal). In Microscopy Research and Technique. Vol 76(7) (2013), pp. 733-743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22224
SARDELA, Mauro. X-ray analysis methods. In Workshop Advanced Materials Characterization, 2008. p. 86.
SAVIUC-PAVAL, Ana Maria; SANDU, Andrei Victor; POPA, Ioan Maricel; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; BERTEA, Andrei Petru; SANDU, Ion. Colorimetric and microscopic study of the termal behavior of new ceramic pigments. In Microscopy Research and Technique, 76(6), 2013, pp. 564-571. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22201
SAVIUC-PAVAL, Ana Maria; SANDU, Ion; POPA, Ioan Maricel; SANDU, Irina Crina Anca; VASILACHE, Viorica; SANDU, Ioan Gabriel. Obtaining and Characterization of Ceramic Pigments for Polychrome Artistic Elements II. Microscopic and colorimetric analysis. In Revista de Chimie. Bucharest. Vol 63(2) (2012), pp. 170-178.
SCHANDA, Janos. Colorimetry. Understanding the CIE System. Wiley Interscience, 2007.
VOITOVICH, Vladimir Antonovich. Adhesives and Sealants Based on Sulfur. In Polymer Science. Series D. Vol 3(2) (2010), pp. 133-136.
WANG, Lili; ISHIDA, Yasuyuki; OHTANI, Hajime; TSUGE, Shin. Analytical Chemistry – Characterization of Natural Resin Shellac by Reactive Pyrolysis−Gas Chromatography in the Presence of Organic Alkali. In Anal. Chem, Vol 71 (1999), pp. 1316-1322. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac981049e