A Connecticut Wit in Queen Maria’s Court: David Humphreys on the Happiness, Future Glory and Industry of America
Main Article Content
Resumo
Para Helen Milner, a "economia política internacional é uma política de crescimento" (1998) e, de acordo com a "teoria da estabilidade do crescimento", para a economia mundial ser estável e aberta, tem de haver um país dominante, uma potência líder, que coordene e discipline os restantes países, assegurando-se, assim, as condições necessárias para o crescimento económico. Durante o século XIX, segundo a maioria das opiniões, esse hegemon foi a Grã-Bretanha. Contudo, no início do século XVIII, ainda se debatia nos Estados Unidos como proteger o comércio e a navegação no Mediterrâneo e impedir que os Corsários da Barbária actuassem também no Atlântico, procurando-se perceber se a paz, nas palavras de Jefferson, deve ser obtida a qualquer custo: "to obtain peace by purchasing it [or] vindicate their commerce by arms" (1790). Este ensaio procura percorrer as formas encontradas por David Humphreys, tanto como poeta como político, para transformar a alteridade americana oitocentista em hegemonia, e como o fez a partir de Lisboa, na qualidade de ministro residente em Portugal e enviado especial de George Washington, incumbido da tarefa de negociar a concluir Tratados de Amizade e Comércio com Trípoli e Argel.
Downloads
Referências
A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875, American State Papers, Foreign Relations: Vol. 2. https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsplink.html
CIFELLI, Edward M. 1982. David Humphreys. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
CUTTING, Nathaniel. "Letter from Nathaniel Cutting to the Secretary of State, 10 February 1794". Naval Documents Related to the United States Wars with the Barbary Powers. Vol. 1. United States Government Printing Office Washington, 1939. Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York, 2011. http://www.ibiblio.org/anrs/docs/E/E3/nd_barbarywars_v01p01.pdf
EATON, William. 1813. The Life of the Late Gen. William Eaton: Several Years an Officer in the United States’ Army, Consul at the Regency of Tunis on the Coast of Barbary, and Commander of the Christian and Other Forces that Marched from Egypt Through the Desert of Barca, in 1805, and Conquered the City of Derne, which led to the Treaty of Peace Between the United States and the Regency of Tripoli: Principally Collected from his Correspondence and Other Manuscripts. Brookfield: E Merriam & Co.
JEFFERSON, Thomas. 1790. "Report on American Trade in the Mediterranean, 28 December 1790" Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 18, 4 November 1790 – 24 January 1791, ed. Julian P. Boyd. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971, pp. 423–430.] http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-18-02-0139-0004
JEFFERSON, Thomas. "From Thomas Jefferson to John Paul Jones, 1 June 1792." Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 24, 1 June–31 December 1792, ed. John Catanzariti. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990, pp. 3-10.] http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-24-02-0001
JEFFERSON, Thomas. "To the U.S. Secret Agent (Col. David Humphreys.)", August 11, 1790", in The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (1743-1786), edited by H. A. Washington, Vol. III. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Maury, 1854, Library of Congress: pp. 180-81 https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/editions-jeffersons-writings
HUMPHREYS, David. 1790. The Miscellaneous Works of Colonel Humphreys. New York: Hodge, Allen, and Campbell.
HUMPHREYS, David. 1968. The Miscellaneous Works of Colonel Humphreys (1804). Gainesville, Florida: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints.
HUMPHREYS, David. 1794. A Poem on Industry. Addressed to the Citizens of the United States of America. Philadelphia: Printed for Matthew Carey. Rpt Historical Collection from the British Library. British Library. Historical Print Editions.
HUMPHREYS, Frand Landon. 1917. Life and Times of David Humphreys, Solider−Statesman−Poet, 'Belov’d Of Washington’. Vols. I & II. New York & London: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.
"Humphrey’s Poem on The Happiness of America". 1786. The Critical Review: or, Annals of Literature. Vol. 61. London: printed for A. Hamilton.
KINDLEBERGER, Charles. 1973. World in Depression, 1929-39. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
MILNER, Helen V. 1998. "International Political Economy: Beyond Hegemonic Stability." Foreign Policy, No. 110, Special Edition: Frontiers of Knowledge (Spring, 1998), pp. 112-123.
THOREAU, Henry David. 1975. Early Essays and Miscellanies. Ed. Joseph J. Maaldenhauer and Edwin Moser. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
"Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Signed at Tripoli November 4, 1796." The Barbary Treaties 1786-1816. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy. Yale Law School. Lillian Goldman Law Library. [Original source: Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America. Ed. Hunter Miller. Vol. 2. Documents 1-40: 1776-1818. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1931.) http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/barmenu.asp
TWAIN, Mark. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court. New York: Charles L. Webster & Co. 1889.
WASHINGTON, George. "Special Message," February 18, 1791. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=65584
WASHINGTON, George. "Special Message," February 28, 1795. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=65494
WEISBUCH, Robert. Atlantic Double-Cross: American Literature and British Influence in the Age of Emerson.