Species of (Code) spaces

Main Article Content

Pinelopi Papadimitraki

Abstract

As digital technologies make a powerful impact on the production of space and software mediates most of our everyday activities, we find ourselves living, working and interacting in the common ground of code and space. The environmental diffusion of computing should be considered in relation to the increasing acceleration and simultaneity of socio-spatial and economic processes, characteristic conditions of a dynamic spatial ontology that evolved during the past decades, changing the ways we inhabit, design and think about our environments. By following the gradual hybridization of space and time, this essay investigates the ways in which software and communication networks infuse space with temporal qualities, enhancing its inherent mediality with successive layers of meaning. An account of this in urban scale is the endeavour of smart cities, a fluid field of tension and negotiation between centralized managerial visions and bottom-up participation and appropriation initiatives. Finally, as spatial production becomes increasingly transdisciplinary and the digital turn reaches a certain level of maturity, the role of the architect and the architectural object changes drastically. Cedric Price famously argued that the best solution to a spatial problem is not necessarily a building, but the question is still pending – could it then be code?

Keywords: Space, Architecture, Media, Code, Software, Smart urbanism

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amin, A. & Thrift, N. (2002). Cities: Reimagining the Urban. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press.

Banham, R. (1965). "A Home is not a house" in Art in America, New York City, NY: Volume 2, pp.70-79.

Beer, St. (1974). Designing Freedom: CBC Massey Lectures, Thirteenth Series. Toronto, Canada: House of Anansi Press.

Benjamin, W. (1936). The work of art in the age of its technological reproducibility. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008.

Branzi, A. (2006). Weak and Diffuse Modernity: The World of Projects at the beginning of the 21st Century. Milan, Italy: Skira.

Bui, L. (2014, September 02). Remote Controls, Switchboards, Dashboards, War Rooms: The Cybernetics DNA of Smart Cities. Medium. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from http://www.medium.com/@dangerbui/remote-controls-and-dashboards-is-the-responsive-city-an-authoritarian-w-7617e8a83d9

Calvino, I. (1972). Invisible cities (W. Weaver, Trans.). Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2006.

Cohn, J. (2010). Gravitational Lensing. Theoretical Astrophysics Center, Department of Astrology, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved December, 2016, from w.astro.berkeley.edu/~jcohn/lens.html

De Lange, M. and De Waal, M. (2013). "Owing the City: New media and Citizen engagement in urban design" in First Monday, Volume 18, Number 11. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v18i11.4954

Eckermann, J. P. & Fuller, S. M. (1836). Conversations with Goethe in the Last Years of His Life.

Fisch, M. (2013). Tokyo's Commuter Train Suicides and the Society of Emergence. Cultural Anthropology, 28 (2), 320-343. Retrieved February, 2017, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cuan.12006

Fujimoto, K. (2006). "The Third-Stage Paradigm: Territory Machines from the Girls' Pager Revolution to Mobile Aesthetics," in Personal, Portable, Pedestrian: Mobile Phones in Japanese Life, 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.77-101.

Gabrys, J. (2014). "Programming Environments: Environmentality and Citizen Sensing in the Smart City" in Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, Volume 32, Number 1, pp.30-48. https://doi.org/10.1068/d16812

Halpern, O. (2014). Beautiful Data: A History of Vision and Reason since 1945. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Haque, U. and Fuller, M. (2008). Urban Versioning System 1.0, Situated Technologies Pamphlets 2. New York City, NY: The Architectural League of New York.

Harvey, D. (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity. New York City, NY: Blackwell.

Hayles, K. (2012). "Radio-Frequency Identification", in Ekman, Ulrik, (ed.). Throughout: Art and Culture Emerging with Ubiquitous Computing. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Hill, D. (2015, October 02). The Commodification of Everything. Medium. Retrieved January, 2017, from https://medium.com/butwhatwasthequestion/the-commodification-of-everything-2057f07bd03c#.vqgiioakn

Hill, D. (2012, August 07). Sketchbook: Dark matter. City of Sound. Retrieved December, 2016, from http://www.cityofsound.com/blog/2012/08/dark-matter.html

Hyde, R. (Interviewer) & Vanstiphout, W. (Interviewee). (2011, August 12). Architectural Review Australia, AR121: Community Building. Retrieved December, 2016, from https://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/historian-of-the-present-wouter-vanstiphout/

Jacob, S. (2012). The Communicative Mode of Architecture. MAS CONTEXT: Communication, 14. Retrieved November, 2016, from http://www.mascontext.com/issues/14-communication-summer-12/the-communicative-mode-of-architecture/

Kitchin, R. & Dodge, M. (2011). Code / Space: Software and everyday life. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262042482.001.0001

Kitchin, R., Lauriault, T. & McArdle, G. (2016). "Smart Cities and the Politics of Urban Data", in Marvin, S., Luque-Ayala A. & McFarlane C. Smart Urbanism: Utopian Vision or False Dawn?. Florence, KE: Routledge.

Kofman, E. & Lebas, E. (1996). Writings on cities / Henri Lefebvre. New York: Blackwell.

Lefebvre, H. (1974) The Production of Space. New York City, NY: Blackwell, 1991.

Mathews, St. (2007) From Agit Prop to Free Space: The Architecture of Cedric Price. Inverkeithing, United Kingdom: Black Dog Architecture.

Mattern, Sh. (2015). Mission Control: A History of the Urban Dashboard. Places Journal. Retrieved September, 2017, from https://doi.org/10.22269/150309

McLuhan, M. (1964) Understanding Media, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Mitchell, W. J.T. (2007) "There Are No Visual Media", in Grau O. (ed.). MediaArtHistories, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp 395-408.

Mitchell, W. J.T. and Hansen, M. (2010). Critical terms for Media Studies. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226532660.001.0001

Pask, G. (1969) 'The Architectural Relevance of Cybernetics' in Menges A., & Ahlquist S. (ed). (2011). Computational Design Thinking, AD Reader. Willey & Sons Ltd, pp.68-77.

Price, C. (2003) Re: CP, Obrist H. U. (ed.). Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser.

Shepard, M. (2011) Sentient City: Ubiquitous Computing, Architecture and the Future of Urban Space. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.

Siegert, B. (2013). "Nach der Wand, Interferenzen zwischen Rastern und Schleiern / After the Wall: Interferences among Grids and Veils" in GAM. Graz Architektur Magazin 09, pp. 18-33.

Townsend, A. (2013). Smart cities: big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. New York City, NY: W. W. Norton & Company Inc.