O empreendedorismo e suas determinantes: oportunidade ou necessidade?
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Resumo
No âmbito da teoria institucional de North (1990, 2005), o objetivo deste trabalho passa pela análise do impacto de fatores económicos e institucionais, formais e não formais, na atividade empreendedora das nações, designadamente no indicador Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). De forma a avaliar a influência simultânea dos fatores económicos e institucionais na atividade empreendedora de um conjunto de países, através de uma regressão linear múltipla, optou-se pela estimação de um modelo cross-section. Os resultados evidenciam uma relação inversa, expectável, entre a TEA, o PIB per capitae a carga burocrática (número de dias para formalizar a entrada de uma nova empresa no negócio) e uma relação inversa, não expectável, entre a TEAe a liberdade fiscal. Os resultados mostram ainda uma relação direta, expectável, entre a TEAe a autonomia/liberdade empresarial face aos gastos do estado.Globalmente, pela relação inversa entre o PIB per capita e a TEA, os resultados evidenciam a prevalência do empreendedorismo por necessidade.
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