The new european public prosecutor’s office and the rule of law: the case of corruption
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Resumo
Este documento aborda os desafios decorrentes da instituição da Procuradoria Europeia em matéria de Estado de direito, especialmente em termos de segurança e previsibilidade da lei. Ao analisar o Regulamento (UE) 2017/1939, o artigo examinará os potenciais enviesamentos na perspetiva do Estado de direito quanto à competência da Procuradoria Europeia, à lei aplicável e ao controlo jurisdicional. A principal conclusão será que, embora a Procuradoria Europeia represente o primeiro organismo europeu com poderes coercivos, as suas operações continuam a basear-se principalmente na legislação nacional do Estado-Membro em que o crime ocorreu. Um tal sistema híbrido de ação penal europeia entre cooperação e integração poderia causar um défice em matéria de Estado de direito, especialmente quando o direito penal nacional varia significativamente entre os Estados-Membros europeus. A corrupção é um caso paradigmático dessa variação e, por isso, será usada como um teste decisivo para ilustrar as potenciais armadilhas da Procuradoria Europeia em termos de certeza e previsibilidade da lei e dos desafios futuros.
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