The State and the new space economy: enabling 21st century privateers or asserting international law?
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Resumo
No decurso das primeiras duas décadas do século xxi, a nova economia do espaço está a ser desenvolvida pelo Estado e por entidades privadas. Uma atividade económica que se reveste de grande interesse é a mineração comercial de recursos espaciais. O presente artigo pretende avaliar o papel futuro do Estado à luz da relação entre o Direito Internacional e o Direito Interno, defendendo que estão reunidas as condições para que o papel do Estado fique limitado à viabilização jurídica de uma competição por recursos espaciais liderada pelo setor privado. Este cenário parece estar já a tomar forma, tendo em conta a criação de legislação nacional em matéria de espaço que consagra direitos de propriedade sobre recursos espaciais a entidades privadas, com o objetivo de fomentar projetos de exploração comercial. Acresce que as crescentes pressões sobre os orçamentos estaduais poderão ter por resultado um desinvestimento em pesquisa e desenvolvimento espacial por parte dos Estados, gerando maior interesse por parte do setor privado. Na ausência de avanços no aprofundamento do regime jurídico-internacional, a mineração comercial de recursos espaciais poderá tornar-se numa atividade desenvolvida de acordo com um modelo económico em que um número restrito de Estados legitimará as expedições pelo espaço exterior de corsários do século XXI.
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